What Is Gender?

I've had this bobbing around in my head for a few weeks now, meaning to post it as an essay, but as any of you who've slogged through my essays (the prosy ones possibly excepted) probably know, my essays come out dreadful, and I generally get embarrassed and delete them. So instead, I'm just going to toss the ideas out there, and invite you all to beat anything you disagree with with a stick. Because regardless of whether my opinion changes or not, I always come out feeling that it's at least better informed when someone contradicts it.
Since coming out I've been vaguely mystified by the concept of gender. Everyone seems to have terribly strong opinions based on their view of it -- trans people, radical feminists, asshats who insist that gender is curable -- but no one quite seems to agree what the terms of the debate actually are. When I first started wondering about this last summer, I asked people to give their own explanations of gender, and five or six people rose to the challenge and gave answers that were at the same time pretty accurate and kind of unsatisfying and incomplete-feeling.
So after reading flamewar after flamewar, wading through pages and pages of queer theory, feminism, trans books, whatever, this is how I see it: when people talk about "gender" they're can actually be referring to any combination of things, and often pretending that that one thing is the end-all and be-all of gender. I can think of five, but I bet there's more:
- BIOLOGICAL SEX: Quite simply, "XX or XY", "penis or no penis." (I don't buy "penis or vagina" -- if that's so, why is a post-op trans woman "a man who had his penis cut off", and a post-op trans man "a woman who had a penis surgically attached"?) Traditionally, the component behind which all other aspects of gender are expected to line up: a biologically male person is expected to be a straight male masculine recipient of the full benefits of male privilege.
- GENDER IDENTITY: The ever-important one to us trans people, and probably the most controversial of the lot. Gender identity is your internal sense of yourself as male or female; experienced in dramatic fashion by transsexual people, but the existence of which is often denied by cissexual (non-transsexual) people. One could say (and I generally do) that you aren't really aware of your teeth unless you have a toothache either, or bring up the awful case of David Reimer as evidence, but as with most internal conditions, I don't think we'll have too clear a picture of what the specific experience of gender identity actually is until we're all telepathic and can directly compare our own senses of self to one another's.
- GENDER EXPRESSION: Masculine or feminine, jeans or a skirt. How do you present your gender, how do you perform it? As RuPaul succinctly put it, "you're either naked or it's drag" -- although I question whether it can't still be drag when you're naked...
- SEXUAL ORIENTATION: This one really shouldn't be here, and I think we've advanced as a society at least far enough to not deliberately include this in any definition of gender. But the attitudes and assumptions that connect sexual orientation to gender are harder to weed out -- if you meet a woman with a shaved head and the sleeves cut off her denim jacket to show off her massive biceps, your first thought probably isn't I wonder if she has a boyfriend?, is it?
- EXTERNAL GENDERING: Often cited by radfems as the only true experience of gender, I don't think there's any reasonable way to deny that there is an aspect of gender wholly independent of and beyond the control of it's object. Because a massive part of gender is the effect your perceived gender has on the people around you. For instance, I read in (I believe) the
queer_rage community a while back a complaint from a trans man* right here in Boston that, while he was walking around wearing prosthetic sideburns but not binding his breasts or making any other attempt to disguise his biological sex, some guy came right up to him 0and without so much as a "hello", clapped a hand right on his cheek and exclaimed, "Hey, those aren't real, are they?" Meanwhile, although people often stare, scowl and even shout at me, no one's dared lay a hand on me in the six months I've been out in public. Accurately or not, if you are gendered male, your personal space is inviolate, and any uninvited physical contact is almost an act of war; whereas if you are gendered female, your body is, to some extent, public property, and your right to it is vague and highly conditional.
And now that I've typed all that out, it occurs to me I've falsely treated these aspects as being binary, when, in fact, all of them really broad spectrums on which people get assigned to the end they happen to be closest to -- intersex people do not fit into rigid biological definitions of male or female, genderqueer people often do not identify as either, male privilege is not a single set of rights that some people get all of and everyone else gets none of, and I'm sure you don't need me to tell you that there's lots of space between straight and gay, masculine and feminine.
But anyway, that's just where my thinking is at this week. What do you think gender is?
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*This story is being related from memory, and I may be misreporting the person's gender identity and using the wrong pronouns, and if I am, I sincerely apologize. However, since we're talking about a wholly external experience, I hope that the point will stand regardless of the person's identity.
















